Beverly Campbell: Church Public and International Affairs Director

Mary Jane Woodger and Brooke Anderson

Mary Jane Woodger and Brooke Anderson, 鈥淏everly Campbell: Church Public and International Affairs Director,鈥 in Latter-day Saints in Washington, DC: History, People, and Places, ed. Kenneth L. Alford, Lloyd D. Newell, and Alexander L. Baugh (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book), 303鈥18.

Mary Jane Woodger was a professor of Church history and doctrine at Brigham Young University when this was published.

Brooke Anderson was a senior majoring in English at Brigham Young University when this was published.

Beverly Campbell in her office. Photos in this chapter courtesy of Thomas Campbell.Beverly Campbell in her office. Photos in this chapter courtesy of Thomas Campbell.

Beverly Brough Campbell was an extraordinary woman known for her ability to open doors of communication and respect for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Among Latter-day Saint women, none has left a more indelible mark on world affairs than Beverly Campbell. Campbell鈥檚 skills and gifts further developed and made a lasting impact on the international relations for the Church. She served as the director of the International Public Affairs Office in Washington, DC (1987鈥97), and her influence is still seen in Church organizations and the individuals who worked under her leadership.

For twelve years as she served as the director of International Affairs for the Church鈥檚 Public and International Affairs Department in Washington, DC, she developed numerous programs and relationships still in place today. When asked how she was able to do all that she did, Campbell responded that she 鈥渉ad been prepared and trained from every step鈥 of her life.[1]

Move to Washington

When Campbell was thirty, she and her husband, Arwell Pierce Campbell, received job offers in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago for positions in which Campbell felt certain their talents would be used. Despite the promise of these positions, she and her husband instead decided to move to Virginia to capitalize on a job offer for Pierce from a marketing firm. Campbell recalls the impracticality of their decision: 鈥淚t made no sense. It made no sense at all. We just felt that was where we needed to be.鈥[2]

Regional Public Affairs Director

In 1984, Campbell was asked to be 鈥渢he regional public affairs director for the Northeast Region鈥 of the Church.[3] The Department of Public Affairs for the Church was created in 1970 by Spencer W. Kimball, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. In February of that year, President Kimball had met in New York with Church leaders and prominent Latter-day Saint businesspeople to discuss how the Church could respond to attacks and allegations regarding blacks and the priesthood and other issues. The result was the creation of two new departments: the Department of Internal Communications and the Department of Public Communications, later renamed the Department of Public Affairs. The purpose of Public Affairs was to 鈥渁pprise the public of the policies, aims, and activities of the Church and to respond to questions raised about the Church and to attacks made on it.鈥[4] The head of the department was located in Salt Lake City with regional directors located in each region of the Church. As regional director of the newly created office in Washington, DC, Campbell was responsible for developing contacts and fostering a 鈥減ositive and accurate Church presence in the national and international media.鈥[5] At first Campbell worked with the media in Washington to get stories about the Church into the news, but her work 鈥渜uickly morphed鈥 into the business of forming international relations.[6]

Pope Jean Paul II with Beverly Campbell in Rome.Pope Jean Paul II with Beverly Campbell in Rome.

Change came when Campbell realized that 鈥渢he shotgun approach of trying to reach individuals through media campaigns was less effective than getting accurate and useful information directly into the hands of policy makers in other countries.鈥 She found that because most countries viewed the Church as an American institution, when problems or questions arose concerning the Church in a particular country, government officials would consult their U.S. embassy for further information. The embassy staff, knowing little about the Church firsthand, would turn to the media, 鈥渙ften acquiring negative or misleading information that they did not have the means to adequately evaluate.鈥 Campbell determined that the best means of assuring that the Church was presented accurately would be to develop personal relations with the countries鈥 ambassadors and provide them with firsthand knowledge. 鈥淭hus began the process of establishing personal contacts between ambassadors, prominent Church members in the Washington, DC, area, and the Church leaders responsible for various countries of the world鈥濃攁 revolutionary approach for the Church.[7]

Initially, the hardest part of this approach was obtaining appointments with ambassadors and other government personnel[8] due to the Church鈥檚 minimal ties. Fortunately, Campbell had previously been the director of the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation, director of community relations for the Special Olympics, and the Church鈥檚 spokesperson on the Equal Rights Amendment. These previous positions provided her opportunities to form ties with many key people in the DC area. 鈥淚 used members of Congress and senators, and CEOs鈥攚hoever I needed to get a door open.鈥[9]

The Church鈥檚 Unofficial Embassy

One approach Campbell employed to form ties with necessary officials was to invite them one at a time to low-key dinners where they would meet well-known Church leaders, businesspeople, politicians, and others at her secluded home on the Potomac River in Virginia. The home was the fifth Campbell had designed and the largest, at 14,000 square feet.[10]

Campbell had begun building the home shortly before receiving her call to the Church Public Affairs Office. While the house was still under construction, Elder Royden G. Derrick of the First Quorum of the Seventy visited the house and told Campbell, 鈥淭his house is being built for the Lord鈥檚 purposes.鈥[11] In fulfillment of Elder Derrick鈥檚 pronouncement, Campbell鈥檚 home became known as the unofficial embassy for the Church in Washington, DC. 鈥淚 probably had a dinner party every ten days with one of the Brethren, a couple of CEOs, and nearly always a few congressmen, depending on what our objective was.鈥[12] The dinners at her home provided the perfect atmosphere in which to develop personal relationships with her dinner guests. 鈥淭hey would often stay for long and substantive talks after dinner,鈥 she says. 鈥淭hat kind of interaction doesn鈥檛 happen in more formal settings.鈥 As a result of these interactions, friendships and trust formed.[13] 鈥淚t was amazing,鈥 Campbell recalls. 鈥淚 saw a miracle a day.鈥[14]

Director of International Affairs

In 1987, Campbell鈥檚 office gained the additional title of International Affairs.[15] The work of the International Affairs Department began in 1974 when President Kimball called David M. Kennedy 鈥渢o assist the First Presidency with the explicit purpose of getting the Church into countries where it had no official presence.鈥 While Kennedy had worked with officials abroad, Campbell worked with the embassies in Washington, DC, to foster a positive media presence. When Kennedy鈥檚 assignment ended, his work was absorbed by the Public Affairs Office, which was renamed the Office of Public and International Affairs. As director of that office, Campbell became 鈥渢he key figure in obtaining for Church leaders an audience of government officials.鈥[16] When international issues arose, they often found their way to Campbell鈥檚 office,[17] where she would 鈥渕arshal the resources and personnel necessary to address the issue,鈥[18] whether that issue was persecution of members, the inability of members to worship, or the forbiddance of missionaries in foreign countries.[19] She worked regularly with embassies and with the press and did a great deal of work with interfaith counsels, putting together interfaith events and conferences, all of which was 鈥済roundbreaking for the Church.鈥[20]

Planning International Events

With her new title and associated duties, Campbell鈥檚 efforts to create contacts remained her primary focus. In addition to her home dinner parties, Campbell 鈥渘urtured relations with people internationally by having large events,鈥 developing many programs to acquaint ambassadors with the Church and to help them feel comfortable interacting with its members.[21] Among the most well-known events were the annual picnic at the Marriott Ranch, the annual Christmas parties at her home, and the temple lighting ceremony at the Washington D.C. Temple. Campbell would invite ambassadors from all over the world to these and other events.

Campbell began hosting the fall Western Family Picnic in October 1991. The event capitalized on the ambassadors鈥 desires to have an event to which they could take their families. 鈥淭here are so few opportunities for diplomatic families to participate together in the formal life of Washington,鈥 said Campbell to one newspaper reporter.[22] The annual event took place at the Marriott Ranch in Northern Virginia, where ambassadors and their families learned to dance the 鈥淰irginia Reel,鈥 rode ponies, played shuffleboard, and learned about the Church and its history鈥攁ll while having an enjoyable day in the country.[23]

鈥淭his was one of the most beautiful days my family and I have spent in Washington,鈥 remarked Robert McClean, Peru鈥檚 ambassador to the United States. Richard Marriott agreed to the annual event鈥檚 success: 鈥淭his gathering has produced more goodwill than countless Washington meetings.鈥[24] The event was such a success that sometime later, several ambassadors at a reception approached Campbell with their personal calendars, wanting to 鈥渆nsure their plans would not conflict with the annual barbecue picnic at the Marriott Ranch.鈥[25]

Another popular event was the annual Christmas party that Campbell would host at her home with the Chinese embassy. Campbell 鈥渉ad an incredible number of very close relationships with Chinese government officials鈥 and would invite the entire Communist Chinese embassy. 鈥淲e鈥檇 have three to four hundred diplomats in the house singing Christmas hymns around the Christmas tree,鈥 recalls her son, Tom.[26] Campbell also had a tradition of making a birthday cake for Jesus on Christmas Eve, which she used as an opportunity to talk about Christmas and the beliefs of the Church. Tom says, 鈥淚鈥檓 sure there are thousands of Chinese that think that鈥檚 part of the traditional Christmas ceremonies.鈥[27] Campbell鈥檚 Christmas party quickly became one of the most desired Washington invitations, second only to the Festival of Lights at the Washington D.C. Temple.

The Festival of Lights had its inauguration in 1978. The two-day Christmas time event began with a prayer at the visitors鈥 center, after which eighty thousand lights would be turned on around the temple square. Campbell inaugurated a second ceremonial night of lighting in which a host ambassador would be asked to join a Church dignitary in turning on the lights. She also began the tradition of having Christmas trees decorated with traditional cultural items from countries around the world. The tradition began with each country being represented by a doll that was placed on a large Christmas tree in the visitors鈥 center, which quickly mushroomed so that each country was represented with its own tree. The trees and the lighting ceremony helped to increase the visibility of the Church as an international organization.

The serene temple surrounded with lights also provided the perfect backdrop for introducing 鈥渋nternational guests, members of the media, and local government, business and religious leaders,鈥 to the basic beliefs of the Church. [28] Campbell recalls one instance when Elder Neal A. Maxwell of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles was the presiding Church dignitary. After the lighting, at a private reception for the ambassadors, an African ambassador fell to his knees and cried, 鈥淵ou are an apostle. I know you are an apostle of the Lord.鈥[29]

In addition to familiarizing others with the Church鈥檚 beliefs, the event publicly confirmed the positive relations between the Church and foreign diplomats. Ten years after the first Festival of Lights, ambassadors and diplomats from more than fifty countries attended the 1988 Festival of Lights, including officials from Brazil, Columbia, Czechoslovakia, Guatemala, Hungary, South Africa, and the Soviet Union. 鈥淎lso in attendance were numerous Congressmen, high officials in executive and judicial government positions, clergy from other churches, and reporters from local and international press organizations.鈥[30] Campbell recalls, 鈥淚 must have taken at least fifty or sixty ambassadors and their families to the temple. It got to be the big treat. When their children came they would call and say, 鈥淲ill you take us to the temple?鈥[31]

Today, so many diplomats accept invitations to the Washington D.C. Temple lighting ceremony and other events that the occasions seem like UN sessions.[32] Through these large events and numerous more private meetings and interactions, Campbell 鈥渉elped the ambassadorial community understand the Mormons were an integral part of the U.S. and that they weren鈥檛 strange folk.鈥[33] Following a day at the Marriott Ranch, Peru ambassador Robert Maclean remarked, 鈥淭he Mormon people were warm and generous as anyone can imagine.鈥[34]

As a result of Campbell鈥檚 goodwill and hospitality, senators and representatives from Congress opened their doors to Church officials and representatives. Says Campbell, 鈥淢y job was to create goodwill, to give them accurate, positive information so they would stand as our advocates in whatever court in their country they were standing in.鈥[35] The task was not an easy one.

Opening Doors for the Church

During Campbell鈥檚 time as director of the International Affairs office, the Cold War鈥檚 iron curtain and the Communist suppression of religious activity seemed impenetrable barriers to the spreading of the Church and the gospel. 鈥淥penings and opportunities were mercurial and fleeting,鈥 Campbell recalled.[36]

Beverly Campbell, President George H. W. Bush, and Elder M. Russell Ballard.Beverly Campbell, President George H. W. Bush, and Elder M. Russell Ballard.

At first, getting just a finger in the door was a daunting and difficult task, but by 1985, 鈥渢he Soviet empire鈥檚 western edge had begun to slough the doctrine of Communism.鈥[37] The Church got its hand in the door, then its foot, and then all at once it seemed, the door swung wide open. The tedious process of 鈥渇irst becoming acquainted with representatives of Eastern European nations in Washington, DC, and subsequently meeting their compatriots on the other side of the Atlantic had not only helped build bridges but also established trusting relationships that opened doors to the nations.鈥[38] Working behind the scenes in the American embassies, Campbell was able to establish relations and set appointments for General Authorities to meet with the governing officials in Eastern Europe. 鈥淪he paved the way for the entry of the gospel in Eastern Europe working with Bulgarians and East Germans and Albanians and Yugoslavians,鈥 her son recalls. 鈥淪he was opening doors.鈥[39]

Opening Czechoslovakia

Many, if not most, of the doors Campbell was able to open were due to the contacts she had made. One such connection was with Rabbi Arthur Schneier, head of an organization known as the Appeal of Conscience Foundation. Whenever leaders from European countries were in New York, Rabbi Schneier would invite Campbell to meet with them. Due to this network, in 1986 Campbell was able to arrange for Miroslav Houstecky, the Czechoslovak Soviet Socialist Republic鈥檚 ambassador, to meet at her home with Elder Russell M. Nelson of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. After dinner, Houstecky and Elder Nelson retired to Campbell鈥檚 study, where Elder Nelson was able to present the Church鈥檚 desire to practice openly. Ambassador Houstecky agreed to lend his best efforts in arranging a consultation with the minister of religious affairs in Prague. The minister was a member of the Communist Party who oversaw religious activity within the Communist regime. He was the one to determine which churches could be recognized as legitimate organizations. Meeting with the minister was an essential step for the Church to gain recognition in the Czech Republic.[40]

Ambassador Houstecky was successful in arranging a meeting; however, it would be another four years of yearly meetings before, following the collapse of the Berlin Wall, the Church would be granted legal authority in the Czech Republic. The long-awaited call came from Ambassador Houstecky, who had been successful in arranging meetings soon to be held in Prague with the new deputy prime minister of the Republic of Prague. Within a month of the meeting, on 21 February 1990, papers were signed that granted the Church official recognition and ended forty years of waiting for the few and faithful Saints in the Czech Republic.[41]

Opening Albania

While the Saints in the Czech Republic had waited for recognition, the people of Albania had suffered similar depravations. During WWII, Albanian citizens lived in isolation under 鈥渁 Communist tyrant as maniacal as any in history.鈥 In 1992 demonstrations and political unrest finally resulted in democratic developments and the election of a president, but when the door of the modern age opened on Europe, it slammed shut on Albania: 鈥淥ver half the population did not have jobs, housing and food shortages forced two and three generations to live together in very small apartments, and the country鈥檚 infrastructure was dilapidated and barely functioning.鈥[42]

A year earlier, in 1991, Esat Ferra, an Albanian who defected, sought assistance for his country from the Austria Vienna Mission president Kenneth Reber. He provided the president with ten names of people that could assist the Church in helping Albania. These references later 鈥減roved to be the key in making contacts that gave the Church exposure at the highest levels of Albanian society.鈥[43]

At the time, there were not yet any diplomatic relations between Albania and the United States. Campbell 鈥渃ontacted the Albanian UN delegation in New York to obtain permission for Church officials to enter the country鈥 and made the necessary 鈥渁rrangements with the Europe Area office in Frankfurt for the visit of Elder Dallin H. Oaks of the Quorum of the Twelve and Elder Hans B. Ringger, the area president. Nevertheless, when the two Church officials arrived at the Tirana airport in April 1991, they were not permitted to leave the plane.鈥 Campbell spent hours on the phone with Albania鈥檚 U.N. office in New York and Albanian officials in Tirana. Through her efforts, the two were permitted to deplane.[44]

Six months later, Elder Ringger and others returned to Albania and explained to the Department of Agriculture their willingness to meet the nation鈥檚 needs. Shortly thereafter, service workers flooded into the country. As a result of their presence, in 1992 Albania had its first convert to the Church. As Elder Ringger continued to meet with Albanian officials, he found them greatly impressed with the Church and its volunteers. In 1993, Elder Dallin H. Oaks flew to Albania to bless and dedicate the country for the spreading of the gospel.[45]

Picking Up the Pace and Office Expansion

Beverly Campbell hosting Nancy Reagan.Beverly Campbell hosting Nancy Reagan.

After 1989, with the fall of the Berlin Wall, the pace at which the Church was welcomed into Europe grew exponentially. Campbell was at the home of her coworker Carolyn Ingersoll when she heard the news. 鈥淚t鈥檚 not possible!鈥 she exclaimed. Campbell knew that the collapse of the wall would open up 鈥渕any doors to the Church.鈥[46] Indeed, many of the breakthroughs that Campbell was able to make for Church leaders came as a result of it. When asked which particular countries Campbell helped open, President M. Russell Ballard of the Quorum of the Twelve replied, 鈥淓very one that we had a challenge with.鈥[47]

Changes were happening so fast that to keep aware and stay on top of them, Campbell and her office staff were reading newspapers daily. Every morning they would skim the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, and a couple other newspapers 鈥渢o find out what was happening鈥[48] in each of the countries they were focusing on.

To help manage the influx of information and opportunities, Campbell began expanding the office and staff by identifying people who had expertise in certain areas. Each staff member was responsible for an area of the world based on the Church鈥檚 assignment. They would keep Campbell abreast of the news in their assigned countries and help her arrange meetings and lunches with diplomatic representatives. She set a standard of high expectations for her staff. Said Carolyn Ingersoll, 鈥淪he developed and ran in that office a very sophisticated, well-grounded, well-organized, well-executed machine.鈥 She had developed a 鈥減rocedure and a way of doing business for the Church that was very professional.鈥 With strong secretarial support and hand-selected staff, Campbell was ready at the door for the influx of diplomats that came in the wake of the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Always the visionary, Campbell understood that there would be many new nations opening embassies in Washington and sending their ambassadors and that she would need to be prepared to meet them, saying, 鈥淎ll these people are going to come and have ambassadorial or counselor presence in Washington, and we need to get to know them.鈥[49] Over the next few months, Campbell and her staff worked to locate the emerging embassies and become acquainted with the incoming ambassadors to Washington, DC.

Campbell鈥檚 process of developing friendships with ambassadors and other officials is still the program of the Church today. 鈥淧art of what we still do is make friends for the Church that can be advocates for the Church in their respective countries,鈥 remarked Elder Ralph W. Hardy Jr., an Area Seventy who served as a stake president in DC at that time.[50] Throughout the remainder of her life, Campbell still heard from people from all over the world with whom she had worked during her time in the International Affairs office. Nearly twenty years following her retirement, Campbell received an email from the deputy ambassador of the Soviet Union, who told her how he still thought of his trips to Salt Lake City and their talks about religion with great fondness.[51] Campbell also kept in touch with many ambassadors in China, Japan, the Soviet Union, and Ukraine.[52]

Campbell will be remembered as a pioneer, a dynamic leader, a powerful spokesperson, a wonderful representative of the Church, and a good and faithful servant to the Lord and facilitator for leaders of the Church.[53] During her tenure as director of International Affairs from 1987 to 1997, the Church had 鈥済ained official recognition in thirty-nine countries and new access to many more,鈥 with Campbell having fostered 鈥渕any of the initial contacts that opened those doors.鈥[54] When Campbell had begun work as director of the International Affairs office, 鈥渢here were few ambassadors鈥 that were known to the Church and 鈥渘o established protocol for gaining appointments with the government officials of foreign entities.鈥 Now the Church has close ties with many ambassadors from a multitude of nations across Europe and the world.

At a time when international doors were mostly shut, Campbell had held a strong belief 鈥渢hat when the time is right for doors to open, they will open.鈥[55] And open they did. President Ballard paid a fitting tribute when he said, 鈥淭he Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints came out of the darkness publicly because of the great work of this good woman.鈥[56]

Notes

[1] Beverly Campbell, interview by Mary Jane Woodger, 8 October 2010, Salt Lake City; transcription in author鈥檚 possession.

[2] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[3] Susan Easton Black and Mary Jane Woodger, Women of Character (American Fork, UT: Covenant Communications, 2011), 59.

[4] Francis M. Gibbons, Spencer W. Kimball: Resolute Disciple, Prophet of God (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1995), 262.

[5] Kahlile B. Mehr, 鈥淎n LDS International Trio,鈥 Journal of Mormon History 25, no. 2 (Fall 1999): 114.

[6] Carol Petranek, interview by Mary Jane Woodger, May 2019, Sandy, UT; transcription in author鈥檚 possession.

[7] Mehr, 鈥淟DS International Trio,鈥 114.

[8] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[9] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[10] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[11] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[12] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[13] Lee Davidson, 鈥溾楢mbassador鈥 Opens Doors for LDS Church,鈥 Deseret News, 4 October 2010, 10.

[14] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[15] Mehr, 鈥淟DS International Trio,鈥 114.

[16] Kahlile B. Mehr, Mormon Missionaries Enter Eastern Europe (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2002), 93, 158.

[17] Mehr, 鈥淟DS International Trio,鈥 118. See also Mark Campbell, interview by Mary Jane Woodger, May 2019, Sandy, UT; transcription in author鈥檚 possession.

[18] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[19] Mark Campbell, interview.

[20] Carol Petranek, interview.

[21] Mark Campbell, interview.

[22] Myrna Wahlquist, 鈥淒iplomats Get a Taste of Old West at Picnic,鈥 Church News, 26 October 1991, 11.

[23] Black and Woodger, Women of Character, 59.

[24] Wahlquist, 鈥淒iplomats Get a Taste of Old West,鈥 11.

[25] Davidson, 鈥溾楢mbassador鈥 Opens Doors for LDS Church,鈥 10.

[26] Mark Campbell, interview. See also Tom Campbell, interview by Mary Jane Woodger, May 2019, Sandy, UT; transcription in author鈥檚 possession.

[27] Mehr, 鈥淟DS International Trio,鈥 114.

[28] Kathryn Baer Newman, 鈥淎mbassador Helps Turn on Yule Lights,鈥 Church News, 12 December 1998, 6.

[29] Beverly Campbell, interview by Mary Jane Woodger.

[30] Lee Davidson, 鈥淐hristmas Message Delivered through Tools of Goodwill,鈥 Church News, 17 December 1988, 9.

[31] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[32] Davidson, 鈥溾楢mbassador鈥 Opens Doors for LDS Church,鈥 10.

[33] Tom Campbell, interview.

[34] Wahlquist, 鈥淒iplomats Get a Taste of Old West,鈥 11.

[35] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[36] Spencer J. Condie, Russell M. Nelson: Father, Surgeon, Apostle (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2003), 247.

[37] Mehr, Mormon Missionaries Enter Eastern Europe, 111.

[38] Condie, Russell M. Nelson, 255.

[39] Tom Campbell, interview.

[40] Condie, Russell M. Nelson, 250.

[41] Condie, Russell M. Nelson, 252鈥53.

[42] Mehr, Mormon Missionaries Enter Eastern Europe, 267.

[43] Mehr, Mormon Missionaries Enter Eastern Europe, 267.

[44] Mehr, 鈥淟DS International Trio,鈥 118.

[45] Mehr, Mormon Missionaries Enter Eastern Europe, 270鈥73.

[46] Carolyn Ingersoll, interview by Mary Jane Woodger, May 2019, Sandy, UT; transcription in author鈥檚 possession.

[47] M. Russell Ballard, interview by Mary Jane Woodger, May 2019, Sandy, UT; transcription in author鈥檚 possession.

[48] Ingersoll, interview.

[49] Ingersoll, interview.

[50] Ralph W. Hardy Jr., interview by Mary Jane Woodger, May 2019, Sandy, UT; transcription in author鈥檚 possession.

[51] Beverly Campbell, interview.

[52] Hardy, interview.

[53] Petranek, interview. See also Wanda Franklin, interview by Brooke Anderson, May 2019, Provo, UT; transcription in author鈥檚 possession. See also Mark Campbell, interview.

[54] Davidson, 鈥溾楢mbassador鈥 Opens Doors for LDS Church,鈥 10.

[55] Petranek, interview.

[56] M. Russell Ballard, interview.